• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Inverter (1) for converting a direct current (IDC) into an alternating current (IAC), characterized in that a volume of fluid (3) located in at least one container (2) connected to a housing (1a) or heat sink (17 ) of the inverter (1) is thermally coupled, and / or a fluid flow which flows through lines (8) which are thermally coupled to the housing (1a) or a heat sink (17) of the inverter (1) is heated by a power loss which is obtained during the conversion of the direct current (IDC) into the alternating current (IAC) by the inverter (1).
    公开号:AT516241A1
    申请号:T679/2014
    申请日:2014-09-04
    公开日:2016-03-15
    发明作者:Mark Koller；Christian Angerer；Patrick Mayr；Stefan Hofstätter
    申请人:Fronius Int Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Inverter for fluid heating
    The invention relates to an inverter for Fluiderwär-mung and in particular a hot water inverter for gezielten heating of water in a household.
    An inverter is an electrical device that converts a DC voltage into an AC voltage, i. a direct current into an alternating current, umführt. Inverters are also referred to as inverters. Inverters are versatile applicable, for example, as a solar inverter in a photovoltaic system or as an inverter in motor vehicles. In a photovoltaic system is usually located on the Eingangsgangsseite a DC chopper with Maximum Peak Point Tracker, which controls, for example, a microprocessor and which is fed by a DC link. On the output side is a one- to three-phase inverter, which can automatically synchronize with an AC mains. An inverter can be realized electromechanically as a chopper or electronically with semiconductors. The connected to at least one photovoltaic module inverter can be connected via a power meter miteinem one or more consumers within a building, such as a washing machine, a lighting and / or a hot water boiler. With a conventional inverter, for example, a heating rod can be operated which heats water in a boiler.
    The inverter converts the input power with an efficiency into an output power. In conventional inverters care is taken that the electrical efficiency of the inverter is as large as possible, so that the proportion of usable AC power is optimal. Therefore, an inverter, which supplies a hot water for hot water generation with energy, designed such that he with the highest possible efficiency electric Power transforms.
    A disadvantage of such a conventional arrangement for the heating of water is that two separate components are necessary for the production of hot water, in particular a heating rod provided for this purpose. As a result, it is necessary to connect such a heating element to the inverter and to install it, for example, in a boiler container for heating water. Since different components are used with different lifetimes, the entire system for producing water fails in case of failure of one of its components, in particular in case of failure of the heating element and / or interruption of the electrical connection between the inverter and the heating element.
    A further disadvantage of such a conventional arrangement is that the power loss occurring in the conversion of the direct current into the alternating current remains unused and the resulting heat dissipates or even requires cooling of the inverter.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an inverter and a corresponding system and a method which avoids the abovementioned disadvantages and maximizes the energy consumption within a household.
    This object is achieved by an inverter with the features specified in claim 1.
    The invention accordingly according to a first aspect provides an inverter for converting a direct current into an alternating current, wherein a fluid volume which is located in at least one container which is thermally coupled to a housing or Kühlkör¬per of the inverter, and / or a fluid flow flowing through lines which are thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter, are heated by a power dissipation that results from the conversion of the direct current into the alternating current through the inverter.
    The fluid may be a liquid, in particular water.
    Alternatively, the fluid may be a gas or gas mixture, in particular air.
    Thus, in the inverter according to the invention, there is firstly a conversion from direct to alternating current, wherein not the converted electric current is used to heat a fluid, but the fluid directly by means of the otherwise unused power loss of the inverter which converts the direct current into the alternating current accumulates, is heated.
    The inverter according to the invention thus offers the advantage that the normally unused power loss of the inverter is used for heating a fluid, for example water. This increases the energy efficiency of the overall system.
    The inverter according to the invention is suitable for heating either a volume of fluid present in a container or a fluid stream flowing through conduits.
    In one possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, a direct current which is generated by a direct current source is converted into the alternating current.
    The DC power source is preferably a photovoltaic system which generates a direct current from incident light beams.
    In one possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, an electrical efficiency of the inverter is increased or reduced by a control device or manually by a user in order to increase or reduce the power loss incurred in the conversion of the direct electrical current into the alternating current at the inverter.
    This embodiment offers the advantage that the electrical efficiency of the inverter can either be increased or reduced as needed. As the degree of efficiency increases, the inverter generates more alternating current which, for example, can be fed into a power grid at current conditions. By deliberately reducing the degree of efficiency, less alternating current is generated and there is more power loss, which can be used for other purposes, in particular for heating a fluid. In this way, the inverter according to the invention offers the user or consumer an additional degree of freedom in order to decide how the energy generated by the photovoltaic system, for example within a private household, should be used.
    The setting of the electrical efficiency can be achieved by a control device or manually by the user.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inventive inverter, a temperature of the fluid volume and / or of the fluid flow is detected by at least one temperature sensor which is attached to the container and / or to the lines.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, the temperature of the fluid volume and / or the fluid flow sensed by the sensor is reported by at least one temperature sensor to the control device, which measures the electrical efficiency of the inverter by means of a control signal established.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, the inverter receives the direct current from a photovoltaic system which converts the energy of the incident sunbeams into the direct electrical current, the intensity of the generated direct current depending on weather conditions and / or a time of day ,
    In a further possible embodiment of the inventive inverter, the electrical efficiency of the inverter is adjusted by the control device as a function of a determined power of the inverter and / or external weather conditions and / or the current daily time.
    In another possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, the electrical efficiency of the inverter is adjusted by adding or removing electrical consumers that are thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter.
    In an alternative embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, the electrical efficiency of the Wechselessers is adjusted by changing a switching frequency of the inverter.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inventive inverter, the electrical efficiency of the inverter is adjusted by shifting an operating point when the inverter is operated.
    In one possible embodiment of the inverter according to the invention, the container containing the fluid is a boiler container, in which the inverter is inserted with a sealed, thermally conductive housing.
    The boiler container is preferably a water tank container.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inventive inverter, the fluid-carrying lines run through printed circuit boards within the inverter, which are equipped with electronic components of the inverter.
    The fluid-carrying lines preferably conduct water, which is heated by the power loss of the inverter.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inventive inverter, the fluid heated by the resulting dissipation power of the inverter is supplied to a circuit of a heating system and / or a fluid supply within a building.
    The fluid is preferably a liquid, in particular water.
    Alternatively, the fluid may also be a gas or gas mixture, in particular air.
    According to a second aspect, the invention further provides a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panels for generating a direct electrical current from solar radiation and with at least one inverter connected to the photovoltaic panels for converting the direct current into a alternating current, wherein the fluid volume which is at least ei¬ a container which is thermally coupled to a housing or heat sink of the inverter, and / or a fluid flow which flows through lines which are thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter, are heated by a power dissipation, which in the conversion of the direct current into the alternating current incurred by the inverter.
    The invention further provides, according to another aspect, a fluid heating system having a power source for generating a direct electrical current, and at least one inverter connected to the power source for converting the direct current into an alternating current, wherein a fluid volume located in at least one of the containers is thermally coupled to a housing or heat sink of the inverter, and / or a fluid flow flowing through ducts thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter are heated by a dissipation loss when converting the direct current into an alternating current generated by the inverter.
    The plant is preferably a hot water plant for heating water, which is located in a boiler tank into which at least one inverter according to the first aspect of the invention is inserted, in particular screwed in, is.
    The invention further provides a method with the features specified in claim 18 Pa¬tentanspruch.
    In the following, possible embodiments of the inventive inverter and the photovoltaic system according to the invention and / or the fluid heating system according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures.
    Show it:
    1 shows a circuit diagram to illustrate a possible embodiment of a photovoltaic system according to the invention with an inverter provided therein;
    FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention for fluid heating; FIG.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of an inverter according to the invention; FIG.
    4 shows a further circuit diagram for illustrating a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive inverter;
    5 shows a diagram for explaining the mode of operation of a possible embodiment of an inventive inverter;
    6 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of an inverter according to the invention; and
    Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a possible embodiment of an inverter according to the invention.
    Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an arrangement which includes an inverter 1 according to the invention. The inverter 1 converts a DC current DO into a AC current AC. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the inverter 1 is located with a whole or partially in a container 2. The container 2 is a receptacle for receiving a fluid volume, in particular for receiving a liquid, for example water. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the fluid container 2 is partially filled with a fluid 3 which surrounds the inverter 1 provided in the container 2. The inverter 1 preferably has a waterproof housing and, in one possible embodiment, can be inserted into a wall of the fluid container 2 from the outside. be screwed. In this embodiment, the inverter 1 is replaceable. The inverter 1 is connected on the input side to one or more photovoltaic panels 4 of a photovoltaic string within a photovoltaic system. The number of photovoltaic strings connected to the inverter 1 can vary. The photovoltaic panels can, as shown in FIG. 1, be serially connected. Alternatively or additionally, the Photo¬Voltaikpaneele can also be connected in parallel. On the output side, in the case of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the inverter 1 is connected to an alternating current network 6 via a protective device with separation point 5. The illustrated in Fig. 1 fluid volume 3 is located in the container 2, which is thermally coupled to a housing or heat sink of the inverter 1. The fluid volume 3 is heated by an electrical power loss P, which is produced by the inverter 1 during the conversion of the direct current DC into the alternating current AC. The electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is adjustable in order to increase or reduce the conversion of the direct electrical current DC into the alternating current AC at the inverter 1 resulting loss power D. The setting of the electrical efficiency η in one possible embodiment is carried out by a controller. In a further possible embodiment, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 can be set manually by a user via a user interface. The adjustable electrical efficiency η is preferably the electrical conversion efficiency, which indicates the ratio between the output and input power and between the power of the alternating current AC and the power of the direct current DC. The overall efficiency of the inverter 1 results from the product of the conversion efficiency with a degree of adaptation.
    In one possible embodiment, the temperature T of the fluid volume 3 located in the container 2 can be detected by at least one temperature sensor which is attached to the container 2. The sensed temperature T of the fluid volume 3 is in this case preferably reported to a control device / which adjusts the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 by means of a control signal. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the inverter 1 receives the direct current DC from a photovoltaic system converts the energy of sun rays impinging thereon into the direct electrical current DC. The output power generated depends on weather conditions and / or a time of day. In one possible embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is set by the control device as a function of a measured power and / or external weather conditions and / or the daily time. In one possible embodiment, the external weather conditions are determined on the basis of sensor data. Alternatively, the external weather conditions can also be queried via a data network from a service server. This query is preferably carried out as a function of transmitted position data of the inverter 1.
    In one possible embodiment, the electrical efficiency k r of the inverter 1 is determined by the controller or
    Control device specifically set to increase or to reduce the costs incurred in the conversion of the DC electrical DC into the AC AC to the inverter 1 Ver¬lustleistung P. In this case, the setting of the electrical efficiency η can be done differently. In a possible embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is adjusted by adding or removing electrical consumers that are thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter 1. These electrical loads may be, for example, electrical resistors or the like. In an alternative embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is adjusted by changing a switching frequency of the inverter 1. In another possible embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is changed by shifting an operating point during operation of the inverter 1 set or changed.
    By specifically adjusting the incident power loss Pdes of the inverter 1, the fluid 3 in the container 2 is heated. This heated fluid, in particular water, can be supplied to a circuit of a heating system or a fluid supply within a building. By way of example, the inverter 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 can heat a fluid 3, in particular water, located in a boiler container 2. Depending on the hot water demand, the efficiency η of the inverter 1 is set. The greater the demand for hot water, the lower the efficiency η of the inverter 1 is set. For this purpose, for example, additional electrical consumers or components are switched on, which are thermally coupled to the building to a heat sink of Wech¬selrichters 1. The inverter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is capable of feeding alternating current AC into the alternating current network 6. In one possible embodiment, the supplied alternating current AC is sensory detected or counted. In one possible embodiment, the operator of the plant shown in FIG. 1 receives a financial equalization payment as an incentive to inject AC power AC into the AC grid 6. In one possible embodiment, the electricity price for the kilowatt-hour injected will vary according to the current supply and Demand changeable. In one possible embodiment, the current electricity price is reported to the control device of the inverter 1 via a data network, the control device also setting the efficiency η of the inverter 1 as a function of the received data, in particular current rates. If, for example, the electricity price drops, the efficiency η of the inverter 1 can be reduced by the control device, so that the power loss P of the inverter 1 is increased and thus more hot water is produced in-house. To the same extent, the amount of the AC current AC fed into the alternating current network 6 decreases with decreasing efficiency η. In this way, with the inverter 1 according to the invention, the own energy consumption, in particular falling electricity prices, is increased.
    Another advantage of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 is that the inverter 1 is automatically cooled by the surrounding fluid or liquid 3 during normal operation. As a result, the expenditure for cooling the inverter 1 can be significantly reduced. The heating of the fluid or the liquid 3 takes place in the arrangement according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 in a step by the resulting power loss of the Wechselrich¬ters 1, without an additional component or component must be provided for heating the fluid. In particular, the system shown in FIG. 1 does not require an electric heating element for heating the fluid 3. This reduces the assembly effort while at the same time increasing the reliability of the system.
    Fig. 2 shows schematically an embodiment of a erfin¬dungsgemäßen plant for fluid heating. A fluid, in particular a liquid such as water 3, is located within a container 2 having a container wall 2a as shown in FIG. The container wall 2a has an opening 2b into which an inverter 1 is insertable with a housing 1a. In one possible embodiment, the housing lade inverter 1 is ange¬schraubt to the wall 2a of the container 2. In an alternative embodiment, the housing 1a of the inverter 1 is screwed into the housing wall 2a of the container 2. The container 2 is preferably a boiler tank for hot water. In one possible embodiment, the boiler container is cylindrical. The housing la of the inverter 1 can, as shown in Fig. 2, are inserted into a side wall of the container 2 or alternatively attached to an end face of the Be¬hälters 2. The container 2 may be part of a (not shown) water cycle and access and disposal valves have. In one possible embodiment, the container 2 is supplied with a cool liquid, in particular cold water, which is heated by the dissipation power P incident on the housing wall 1a of the inverter 1 during the conversion of the direct current DC into an alternating current ac. This heated water can be dispensed in a possible embodiment via a valve for use. Within the inverter 1, the power loss P arises mainly in the power section of the inverter 1, in particular in the range of so-called power modules, for example an AC module. In one possible embodiment, the housing wall la of the inverter 1 has a temperature of more than 50ec in wide ranges. The housing wall la of the inverter 1 is made of a thermally conductive material and heats during the normal operation of the inverter 1, the umge¬bende fluid 3, in particular water. The heated water can be used for various purposes, for example, as a source of heat within a private household or in a closed heating circuit. An advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the operated inverter 1 not only heats a fluid 3, but at the same time it is cooled during operation. As a result, the cost for cooling the inverter 1 can be reduced. The housing 1a of the inverter 1 is waterproof. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the fluid 3 is heated by an inverter 1. In alternative embodiments, a plurality of inverters 1 may be inserted in the container 2. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the inverter 1 converts a direct current DC, which is generated by a direct current source, namely a photovoltaic system 4, into an alternating current AC. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 can be set manually by a control device or by a user to increase or reduce the power loss P that occurs in the conversion of the direct electrical current DC into the alternating current AC to the inverter 1. The controller can use programmed power loss characteristics stored in a data memory. In one possible embodiment, the loss performance characteristics indicate an electrical efficiency of the inverter 1 as a function of time (η (t)). For example, in some regions it is prescribed that the inverter 1 should be limited to a certain percentage of its DC power at certain times of the day. The excess power can be used in the inventive inverter 1 for heating the fluid 3. In one possible embodiment of the inventive inverter 1, the electrical efficiency η can be controlled or set between a minimum electrical efficiency η min and a maximum electrical efficiency η max. For example, upon attaining a technically possible maximum efficiency of about 97%, the remaining 3% of the electrical power supplied is converted into dissipation power P or thermal energy used to heat the fluid 3. The controller or control device can deliberately lower the efficiency i as a function of operating conditions or parameters to a lower value of, for example, 70 * 0, so that now 30% of the supplied electrical power is available for heating the fluid 3. In one possible embodiment, the efficiency η of the inverter 1 is lowered to values of below 50%, so that more than half of the electrically supplied power is used as heat dissipation Pfür heating the fluid 3. In one possible embodiment, the controller is located within the housing 1a of the inverter 1.
    In an alternative embodiment, the controller can be connected via an interface of the inverter 1 to the inverter 1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the housing 1a of the inverter 1 is inserted, for example screwed, into the container wall 2a of the container 2 by means of a mechanical fastening device 7. The fastening device 7 is designed such that it is impermeable to the fluid 3, in particular a liquid. In one possible embodiment, a user interface can be provided on the bottom of the housing la of the inverter 1 in the region of the mechanical fastening 7, by means of which a user can set the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1. The inFig. 2, in one possible embodiment, can be connected via an electrical connection to an alternating current network 6, as shown in FIG. 1, for example via an electricity meter. In this way, a user can decide whether the generated power is supplied to the AC power supply 6 or whether the electric power from the photovoltaic power plant 4 is used to heat the fluid 3. In one possible embodiment, the housing 1a of the inverter 1 is so configured in that it has as large a surface as possible in order to heat the surrounding liquid or the surrounding fluid 3 by the internally generated power loss Peff. In one possible embodiment, the housing la of the inverter 1 has ribs for heating the fluid 3.
    FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the inverter 1 according to the invention. In this embodiment variant, a fluid flow of a fluid 3 flows through lines 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 which are thermally coupled to the housing or a heat sink of the inverter 1 are. In one possible embodiment, the leads 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 are passed through the housing 1a of the inverter 1. In one possible implementation, the lines 8-i pass through the wall 1a of the inverter 1 and form fluid channels. The number of lines 8-i may vary depending on the application and type of fluid. The fluid may be a liquid or a gas or gas mixture. For example, ambient air is used as the gas mixture, which is heated by the inverter 1 during conversion of a direct current DC into an alternating current AC through the resulting power loss P.
    Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of an arrangement for heating a fluid according to the invention. In the illustrated arrangement, a photovoltaic system 4 is connected to an inverter 1, which heats a fluid 3, which is located in a container 2, during operation. The temperature T of the fluid and / or the temperature of the housing wall 1a of the inverter 1 can be detected in the darge shown embodiment by a temperature sensor 9, which reports the measured temperature T of a controller 10. The controller 10 adjusts the efficiency η of the inverter 1 via control lines 11 by means of a control signal. The inverter 1 receives the direct current Idc from the photovoltaic system 4, which converts the energy from incident thereon sun rays 6 into the electric direct current, the resulting power depends on Wetterbedingungen.oder a time of day. In one possible embodiment, the control device 10 is connected to a sensor 12, which measures the intensity of the impinging solar rays 11 and reports it to the controller 10. Furthermore, the controller 10 may be connected to a timer 13, which reports the current time of day.
    In a further possible embodiment, the controller 10 is additionally connected to current sensors 14, 15 / which report to the controller 10 the direct current IDC currently generated by the photovoltaic system 4 and / or the current current delivered by the inverter 1. In one possible embodiment, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is set by the control device 10 as a function of one or more measured parameters, in particular as a function of a determined output of the inverter and / or the sensory external weather conditions or of the timer received by the timer current time of day. The power can be determined, for example, directly with an energy meter and / or by measuring current and voltage with corresponding sensors.
    In one possible embodiment, the control device 10 has access to a data memory 16 in which various characteristics, in particular efficiency characteristics, are stored. 5 shows by way of example an efficiency curve of the electrical efficiency of the inverter 1 as a function of the time of day t. As can be seen in Fig. 5, at noon, i. 12 noon, the efficiency η of the inverter 1 is lowered by the controller 10, so that not too much alternating current AC is fed into a Wechselspannungsnetzwerk 6. By decreasing the efficiency η, the power dissipation P resulting from the conversion of the direct current into the alternating current is increased and can be used for heating the fluid 3 within the container 2. The characteristic η (t) shown in FIG. 5 can be stored in the characteristic data memory 16 of the controller 10. In one possible embodiment, the loss performance characteristic η can be programmed within the data memory 16 via an interface. Furthermore, the controller 10 shown in FIG. 4 can be connected to a data network, for example the Internet, via a communication interface. In one possible embodiment, the controller 10 can use characteristic curves, in particular efficiency curves η (t), from an external server via the communication interface , for example, a manufacturer of the inverter 1, download. In one possible embodiment, the controller 10 can report or transfer position data or position coordinates (x, y) of the system via the communication interface to the external server, as can further parameters, for example alignment and inclination of the solar panels, and a suitable efficiency curve (ri (FIG. t, x, y)), which is transmitted by the server to the controller 10 via a data network, which stores the received efficiency characteristic (n (t, x, y)} in the data memory 16. For the selection or For downloading suitable efficiency characteristics, various other parameters can be transmitted to the server, for example the type of fluid 3 to be heated or the power of the inverter 1, the volume of the container 2, the power of the power generated by the photovoltaic system 4 and / or desired setpoint temperatures of the fluid 3 ,
    FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment variant of the inverter 1 according to the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the lines 8, in which the fluid 3 to be heated flows, are led past or past a heat sink 17 of the inverter 1. This heat sink 17 is in the illustrated embodiment, thermally connected to an AC module 18 of the power section of the inverter 1, which transfers the resulting in the conversion of the DC DC into an AC AC power loss P to the Kühlkör¬per 17 via a thermal coupling. The AC module 18 of the inverter 1 is in the illustrated
    Embodiment on the underside of a printed circuit board 19 of the inverter 1, whose top is equipped with components 20 of the inverter 1. The components of the inverter 20-i are, for example, resistors / semiconductors or capacitors.
    In a further possible embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the lines 3 'with the fluid 3 flowing therethrough can also be routed directly through the printed circuit boards 19 of the inverter 1. In one possible embodiment variant, a printed circuit board with integrated cooling circuit is used for this purpose. In one possible embodiment, the guided leads 8 can be guided in a meandering manner through the heat sink 17 and / or the printed circuit board 19, for example, so that the thermal coupling for transmitting the power loss P to the fluid 3 flowing through is particularly high. By passing the liquid, for example water, through a printed circuit board 19 equipped with leads 8, the components 20 of the inverter 1 mounted on the printed circuit board 19 are efficiently cooled, so that the service life of the inverter 1 is increased.
    In the case of the inverter 1 according to the invention, its efficiency η is controlled in a targeted manner, wherein the adjustment of the degree of efficiency of the inverter 1 can be carried out in various ways in different embodiments. In a possible embodiment variant of the inverter 1 according to the invention, its electrical efficiency is set by switching on or off electrical consumers, which are thermally coupled to the housing la via a heat sink 17 of the inverter 1. In one possible embodiment, the electrical consumers are mounted as components on the printed circuit board 19 of the inverter 1. In a further possible embodiment of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the switching losses are varied at a power level. This is done in one possible embodiment by changing a switching frequency of the inverter 1. The change of the switching frequencies affects inductances within the inverter 1, so that the efficiency η of the inverter 1 is changed. Furthermore, it is possible to vary the switching losses of the power stage of the inverter 1 by gate drive, for example by varying the gate voltage and / or changing a gate pre-resistance of a power MOSFET.
    In a further possible embodiment variant of the inverter 1 according to the invention, the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 is set by shifting or changing an operating point AP during operation of the inverter 1, so that there are higher thermal losses of both DC / DC and DC / AC. Stages of the inverter 1 is coming. As shown in FIG. 7, an intermediate circuit 21 is connected to the AC module 18 of the inverter 1. On the output side, the AC module 18 supplies the AC alternating current via inductors 22. Internally, the AC module 18 has switches, in particular switching transistors, as well as diodes connected in parallel. The shifting or changing of the operating point AP occurs in this case by suitable control of the switching transistors or power transistors, in that the switch-on resistance is preferably increased. Preferably, the power transistors are also driven in a linear mode.
    The inverter 1 according to the invention and the system according to the invention for heating a fluid can be used in a variety of ways. In one possible embodiment, the fluid is water. The resulting power loss P of the inverter 1 in this case heats water which is supplied, for example, to a hot water circuit of a heating system or a hot water supply within a building. Furthermore, the inverter 1 according to the invention can be used, for example, in a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle To heat fluid.
    Furthermore, the inverter 1 according to the invention is suitable for heating a gas or gas mixture, in particular ambient air. In one possible embodiment, the inverter 1 is in this case inside a fan for heating an air flow, for example, herewith a space can be heated within a building which has no central heating, for example a mountain hut or the like.
    As a further example of application, the inverter 1 according to the invention can be used for heating a fluid, in particular water, in a sailing yacht which is powered by a direct current source, i. a battery or photovoltaic panel.
    In another embodiment variant, the inverter 1 can be switched between different operating modes in order to heat different fluids. For example, a user can set via a user interface whether the incident power loss P is used to heat water and / or to heat ambient air. In a possible embodiment variant of the fluid heating system according to the invention, it is permanently installed in a building. Alternatively, the Wechsel¬ invention 1 can also be in a portable device, which also supplies heated fluid in addition to an alternating current.
    The inverter 1 according to the invention can be connected via a wireless or wired interface via a data network to a server and / or a central control unit, for example the control unit of a power grid. In one possible embodiment variant, the adjustment or control of the electrical efficiency η of the inverter 1 takes place in order to reduce or increase its electrical efficiency due to central control errors of a network controller. In one possible variant embodiment, the inverter 1 can thereby contribute to the grid stabilization of an AC network 6.
    In a further embodiment variant, the inventive system for fluid heating is located inside a vehicle, for example within a car or truck. Here, the inverter 1 provided in the vehicle is more flexible and, besides alternating current AC, also provides the possibility of heating a fluid 3 of the vehicle. For example, water may be preheated to the windshield wiper system to prevent freezing at low outside temperatures. Preheating of internal components or electronic components of the inverter 1 at cold ambient temperatures is also possible.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    An inverter (1) for converting a direct current (Idc) into an alternating current (IAC) / characterized in that a volume of fluid (3) located in at least one container (2) connected to a housing (1a) or body ( 17) of the inverter (1) is thermally coupled, and / or a fluid flow which flows through lines (8) which are thermally coupled to the housing (1a) or a cooling body (17) of the inverter (1), be heated by a power dissipation, which occurs during the conversion of the direct current (Idc) into the alternating current (IAC) by the inverter (1).
    [2]
    2. The inverter of claim 1, wherein the inverter (1) a direct current (Idc) * by a direct current source (4), in particular a Pho¬tovoltaikanlage or battery, is generated, in the Wech¬selstrom (IAC) converts.
    [3]
    3. An inverter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an electrical efficiency (η) of the inverter (1) for increasing or reducing the loss of power resulting from the conversion of the direct electrical current (IDc) into the alternating current (IAC) at the inverter (1) a control device (10) or manually adjusted.
    [4]
    4. The inverter according to claim 1, wherein a temperature of the fluid volume or fluid flow is detected by at least one temperature sensor which is connected to the container and / or to the lines is appropriate.
    [5]
    5. The inverter of claim 4, wherein the sensed temperature (T) of Fluidvo¬ lumens or fluid flow from the temperature sensor (9) to the control device (10) is reported, which adjusts the electrical efficiency (η) of the inverter (1) by means of a control signal ,
    [6]
    6. Inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the inverter (1) receives the direct current (Idc) from a photovoltaic system (4), which converts the energy of incident thereon sun rays (S) in the electrical DC (Idc), wherein the dar¬ resulting power of the inverter (1) depends on weather conditions and / or a time of day.
    [7]
    7. The inverter according to claim 6, wherein the electrical efficiency (η) of the inverter (1) is set by the control device (10) depending on a determined power of the inverter (1) and / or external weather conditions and / or the Tages¬zeit -
    [8]
    8. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrical efficiency (η) of the inverter (1) is adjusted by adding or removing electrical consumers connected to the housing (1a) or a heat sink (17) of the inverter (1) are thermally coupled.
    [9]
    9. Inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrical efficiency (η) of the Wechselrich¬ters (1) by changing a switching frequency of the Wech¬selrichters (1) is set.
    [10]
    10. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrical efficiency (η) of the Wechselrich¬ters (1) by shifting an operating point when Be¬trieb the inverter (1) is set.
    [11]
    11. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, wherein the container containing the fluid (2) is a boiler container, in which the inverter (1) is inserted with a sealed, thermally conductive housing.
    [12]
    12. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, wherein the fluid-carrying lines (8) by Leiterplati¬nen (19) within the inverter (1), which are equipped with electronic components (20) of the inverter (1).
    [13]
    13. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, wherein the heated by the resulting power loss of Wech¬selrichters (1) fluid (3) is supplied to a circuit of a heating system or a fluid supply within a building.
    [14]
    14. The inverter according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, wherein the fluid (3) comprises a liquid, in particular Was¬ser, or a gas or gas mixture, in particular air.
    [15]
    15. Photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panels for generating an electrical direct current (Idc) from solar rays (S) and with at least one of the photovoltaic panels connected to the inverter (1) according to any one of vorhergehen claims 1 to 14.
    [16]
    A fluid heating system comprising a current source (4) for generating a direct current electrical current (Idc) and at least one inverter (1) connected to the current source (4) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15.
    [17]
    17. Plant according to claim 16, wherein the power source has at least one photovoltaic panel, the solar energy umwan¬delt in electrical energy, and / or at least one electric battery auf¬weist.
    [18]
    18. A method for heating a fluid, wherein a fluid (3), which is in a container (2) or flows through Lei¬ tions (8), via a thermally coupled to the container (2) or the lines (8) Housing (1a) of an inverter (1) or via a heat sink (17) of the inverter (1) thermally coupled to the container (2) or the lines (8) is heated by a power loss which is produced during the conversion of a direct current (Xoc) in an alternating current (Iac) in the inverter (1) is obtained.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP2371589B1|2012-09-05|Electric heating device
    AT514471B1|2015-03-15|Plant for hot water production
    AT516241A1|2016-03-15|Inverter for fluid heating
    DE10023424B4|2007-01-11|Plant for the production of electrical energy from solar energy
    DE102008009477A1|2008-08-21|Solar-thermal, thermoelectric power generation device for building i.e. house, has solar cells attached on surface of absorber, and flow controller control unit formed so that ratio of electric current and thermal energy is controlled
    EP1245906B1|2006-08-02|Heating for a building
    DE102007050446C5|2017-08-31|Indirectly evaporating heat pump and method for optimizing the inlet temperature of the indirectly evaporating heat pump
    WO2008009375A2|2008-01-24|Method for producing electrical energy and arrangement for carrying out said method
    CN103696910A|2014-04-02|Wind turbine generation set heat recovery type cooling system and wind turbine generation set using cooling system
    DE10063887A1|2002-06-27|Control of a solar energy unit with integrated hybrid collector by varying pump efficiency for thermal or photovoltaic use
    EP2555074A1|2013-02-06|Method for controlling a heating and/or cooling assembly according to requirements for an object comprising at least one usage unit
    CN203301391U|2013-11-20|Intelligent power supply capable of continuously adjusting transparency of switchable glass or film
    EP2918943A1|2015-09-16|Method and device for increasing storage capacity of water storage in systems for heating buildings and/or for heating drinking water and/or industrial water
    DE60215293T2|2007-05-24|Energy collector system and associated operating method
    DE102007039726A1|2008-07-24|Einspeiseumrichteranlage
    CN104092437B|2016-08-24|The regulation circuit of a kind of photovoltaic module and long distance control system
    DE102006023627A1|2007-11-22|Solar plant has primary circuit, provided with solar collector as heat exchanger device for changing solar energy into heat energy for heating fluids, where secondary heat exchanger separates primary circuit from secondary circuit
    DE10011538A1|2001-09-06|Device for cooling process and consumable water has cooling system with counter flow plate heat exchanger evaporator of corrosion-resistant form and air-cooled condenser
    WO2010009490A1|2010-01-28|Device for cooling an inner space of a property or a mobile device
    EP2795198A1|2014-10-29|Device for controlling a heating system circulating pump, and control method therefor
    DE102014002933A1|2015-08-27|Photovoltaic powered DC voltage network with variable voltage for consumption optimization
    WO2006050878A1|2006-05-18|Standard frequency converter for supplying energy in a discontinuous manner
    DE102017121733A1|2019-03-21|Power controller for controlling the electrical power consumption of an electrical consumer and hybrid control power plant with such a power controller
    DE102010014767A1|2011-10-13|Mixing device for setting the hot water temperature
    EP2492600B1|2013-10-09|Assembly for heating a room
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102015200311A1|2016-03-10|
    AT516241B1|2019-10-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPH0413355A|1990-05-01|1992-01-17|Hitachi Ltd|Communication terminal equipment|
    JP2001283883A|2000-03-30|2001-10-12|Fuji Electric Co Ltd|Fuel cell generating device|
    BG108507A|2003-12-29|2005-06-30|Георги ТОНЧЕВ|Hybrid automated system for building air conditioning and electric supply|
    EP1758193A1|2005-08-22|2007-02-28|LG Electronics Inc.|Fuel cell with water-cooled power converter|
    JP2007294296A|2006-04-26|2007-11-08|Kyocera Corp|Power generation/hot-water supply cogeneration system|
    JP2009022111A|2007-07-12|2009-01-29|Panasonic Corp|Power conversion apparatus|
    CN101127498A|2007-09-26|2008-02-20|冯国隆|Merged network residential fully automatic solar power and heat supply device|
    EP2651015A1|2010-12-07|2013-10-16|Mitsubishi Electric Corporation|Motor with embedded power conversion circuit, liquid pump in which this motor with embedded power conversion circuit is installed, air conditioner in which this liquid pump is installed, water heater in which this liquid pump is installed, and equipment in which motor with embedded power conversion cicuit is installed|
    KR20120094298A|2011-02-16|2012-08-24|엘지전자 주식회사|Photovoltaic thermal combined apparatus|
    WO2013010922A1|2011-07-19|2013-01-24|Solaire 2G|Improving the longevity and ergonomics of hybrid solar modules|
    KR20130088342A|2012-01-31|2013-08-08|주식회사 케이디파워|Solar genepating apparatus using the solar light and solar heat|
    WO2014003334A1|2012-06-29|2014-01-03|한국항공대학교 산학협력단|Photovoltaic module cooling device applied to solar energy conversion apparatus|
    JPH09213355A|1996-02-06|1997-08-15|Fuji Electric Co Ltd|Fuel cell generating apparatus|
    DE19645636C1|1996-11-06|1998-03-12|Telefunken Microelectron|Power module for operating electric motor with speed and power control|
    AT505508B1|2007-05-16|2011-02-15|Fronius Int Gmbh|INVERTER|
    JP4452953B2|2007-08-09|2010-04-21|日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社|Power converter|
    JP5544255B2|2010-09-14|2014-07-09|株式会社日立パワーデバイス|Semiconductor power module and power converter|KR20190057091A|2016-09-22|2019-05-27|칭다오 오스텍 솔라 테크놀로지 씨오. 엘티디.|Apparatus and system for generating electricity with an integrated circuit|
    DE102017223114A1|2017-12-18|2019-06-19|Continental Automotive Gmbh|Method for selectively heating an electric vehicle and heating device|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA679/2014A|AT516241B1|2014-09-04|2014-09-04|Inverter for fluid heating|ATA679/2014A| AT516241B1|2014-09-04|2014-09-04|Inverter for fluid heating|
    DE102015200311.6A| DE102015200311A1|2014-09-04|2015-01-13|Inverter for fluid heating|
    [返回顶部]